‘Biru’ (Atayal) was invented by Italian Father Alberto Papa 泰雅爾語聖經【sinsman ke Utux kayal biru na Tayal】 Indigenous weaving facts -  1. Tao (Kavalan) banana-fiber-weaving used introduced banana species such as Singapore # Indigenous weaving facts # banana-fiber-weaving facts - introduced banana species # Kavalan # Tao Indigenous banana-fiber-weaving (Introduced banana species such as from Singapore before WWII).  The Tao (and very likely also the Kavalans) used 'Introduced banana species' for fiber weaving - for its strength and length . Introduced species such as from Singapore in 1900s. Under Japanese Administrations before WWII - Taiwan was one of the two places produce banana-fiber- fabric, the other is Okinawa.  2. Mother and Father of Indigenous Weaving # Atayal weaving # Religion Extraordinary Indigenous weaving facts  2.1 羅麥瑞（Maryta Laumann) German Nun is known ‘Mother of Weaving’ among the indigenous.  2.2  Yuma Taru studi...

  LINGUISTIC FACTS 'The Qalang Smangus'   is borrowed from 'Territoires dès Sauvages' .  'The Qalang Smangus' is promoted in indigenous (Atayal) language 'The God's Tribe' .  Qalang is borrowed from Chinese words meaning 'fence' 'bamboo fence' and described in Qing document.  Qalang then evolved into meaning territory, guarded land, homeland-related vocabulary in several indigenous languages - Most obvious - Atayal. Others includes Paiwan, Amis and several more expected. Alang (Qalang without a) works in exactly the same way as in Amis. Same borrow. Same Chinese. Same context and usage.  #Atayal#Paiwan#Amis (and others) SOURCE OF ORIGIN This is also Note 122 at HERE (Anthropology Observation IV). Gaga - Koka  國 家 Galang/Qalang - 聚落 land people family state country ancestral ties Gaga Qalang /lyung Squliq (Saisiyat Atayal) Niqan (Qutux Niqan - One Family) There is a (good) possibility these are developed from  Koka 國 家 - observati...

Chicha a traditional, fermented corn drink @Cusco Peru Note 112  Kin/Kim/Ki/Qui/Km  means  Qing (Chinese) 滿清人 Kin/Kim/Ki/Qui/Km  means  Qing (Qing-Manchurian-Chinese)  at Beitou/Keelung/Taoyuan by Ketagalan/Spanish/Atayal 1. Ki-pataw (Beitou)  2. Kim-paoli  金包 里 =  Qing - parian  清包 里 ' China town' - Fuzhou in 17th century Keelung 3. Atayal - Km/Kin - Qing (Qing-Manchurian-Chinese) Note 113 Witch - indigenous interpretation  The Rapa Nui  and The Ketagalan  Volcanic waters (Rano Kau) means Witch's cauldron by the Rapa Nui in Easter Island Beitou known for hotsprings  in  Ketagalan means Witch 女巫 ki-pataw (Spanish Qui-patao). - Ki/Qui for sure means  清 Qing (Chinese)  - pataw (beitou) not sure root word. But almost certainly does not mean 'Chinese witch'! (臺北市北投區的命名，是源自凱達格蘭族語。 清國時期有一群凱達格蘭族人聚居於此，族人以族語「女巫 ki-pataw 」來稱呼當地，於是清國人則以族語「女巫 ki-pataw 」的發音，書寫為「北投社」) Note 114 Cultural vs Genetic DNA I recently ...