"The word passion comes from the Latin word passio, which means "suffering" or "being acted upon". It can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European word peh, which means "to hurt."  @London 2024 Siraya 'pun' is developed from 'peh' means 'to hurt'. Note number (Note no) used for examples refers to   THIS   blogpost.  ( https://katyhuiwenhung.blogspot.com/2025/01/becoming-indigenous-observations-over.html ) Etymology and Ethnology go nowhere if no one raise  questions I became curious about indigenous  revitalization  (language and cultural) about 10 years ago. And the more I observed, better equipped with knowledge and experience, the more proposed analysis I found odd, more claims questionable. I also noticed -  No one re-examine over the last one-hundred years since Japanese records.  No one re-analyze over the last fifty years since Ferrell and Blust's hypothesis and claimed consensus. Questionable 'Origins of the Fo...

Puyuma 卑南  Precious Beads and Corals @National Taiwan University I first learned from a Taiwan Old-Family friend about Matreli  馬智禮  (a legendary Puyuma leader) was in fact born a full-blooded Hokkien Chinese who escaped to Taiwan with his father at age of four. My friend was going to contact Matreli's grandson  馬來盛 (who was named in honour of Matreli's father 朱來盛 ) prior to our Hualien-Taitung trip asking if  he would be interested in meeting us .  馬來盛 declined. For maybe a year or so, I had thought Matreli was the first (and only) full-blooded Han Chinese who made his way to Taiwan and rose to become an indigenous tribal leader.  While exploring Saisiyat's complicated migration route and history, I noticed something odd and soon  日阿拐 ( basi-Banual)  was brought to my attention.   It looks like  akuwai (nickname, born a Hokkien 張), instead of Matreli, was the first.  Not only the dig-out of this early 20th century Han Chines...

  It is likely the Maya of southern Mexico were the first to domesticate turkeys, maybe 2000 years ago.  (Photos at National Museum of Anthropology Mexico City Nov 2024) 🦃 T urkeys brought in by Dutch  (1624–1662) ?  Possible but unlikely. There was mention of first turkey consumption on the island during which time. But appears no document recording Dutch introduction of turkey to Taiwan. 🦃Late-Ming Record shows 火雞 Huoji  (mandarin Chinese name for turkey) some 200 years before Dutch in Tainan.  These 火雞 Huoji, however, were believed 鶴駝 ( 食火雞)  Cassowaries from Southeast Asia to China, then to Taiwan. Could Cassowaries  鶴駝  (instead of turkey  火雞) what Dutch had seen consumed  in Southern Taiwan? Also possible. 🦃 Turkey production in Taiwan under Japanese rule There is enough evidence Japanese encouraged turkeys breeding in Taiwan. Widely raised under its Japanese name   七面鳥 ( らーめん   Shichimenc...

Puebla -Parian Mexico (Nov 2024) There is a Parian (aka Chinese village) in Keelung - Fuzhou 福州 street. (This blogpost records copied-over texts and thumbnail screenshots from Facebook "My Anthropology 2025" Album. Full-featured on Facebook) I have issues with (Proto-) Austronesian linguists claims and analysis - See No 1 &2. (Cases: Puyuma-Rukai. Pazeh-Kaxabu) Not saying I am right, not at all, but I feel something is not right and has not been right for 30 years - I am raising questions.  Not unreasonable to say - Until explained and evidences provided -  'consensus' claimed is/are questionable. No.1  Puyuma-Rukai, Pazeh-Kaxabu Pa-ka Causative Verb “ A Consensus” ? Probably not yet. Something does not seem right, in my opinion, and maybe not right for 30 years. Proto-Austronesian linguists need to provide evidence before claiming Pazeh-Kaxabu Pa-ka causative prefix ‘a consensus’. Plus earlier claim of Puyuma/Rukai.(Blust 1999) Causative MAKE/MADE Pak...