廣恆發 商號  (Established about 1916) The first and largest business trade in Eastern Taiwan  UPDATE 3/14/2025 Japanese preposition - no ノの no ( preposition means of) is Japanese  copy-over from Japanese (based on 1930s) Although it can be said that Japanese is similar to Tagalog in terms of pronunciation -  Tagalog and Japanese belong to separate linguistic families. Most people think the similarities are coincidences. Many think these words are false cognates. I understand all these.  Formosan language analysis however in my opinion is a bit more complicated - Japanese impact on Taiwan is evident and that include indigenous Taiwanese who are considered Austronesians. When you see a sound in Amis language (for example) similar to both Tagalog and Japanese - how can you be sure which impact it came under?  It maybe impossible to analyze and agreeable results may never be reached - I understand. To present my point of view (out of personal interest) neverthe...

木豆 （ 學名 ： Cajanus cajan ），又名 蒲姜豆 、 木豆 、 米豆 、 樹荳 、 柳豆 、 白樹豆 、 花螺樹豆 、 觀音豆 、 番仔豆 、 山豆根 木豆 （ 學名 ： Cajanus cajan ） (Note -  Li and Blust list is based on 1930 Japanese records. My list is based on 2025 the result of indigenous language revitalization) Pigeon Peas as Plants Cajanus cajan (Latin) Kacang (Malay) halidang（Bunun)  karedrange( Rukai)  ecngi (Tsou)  ' aricang （ Kanakanavu）  daudaungan （ Sakizaya） daung （Kavalan） 'arisangʉ ( Saaroa) And all of the above on Li (1994) chart 樹荳 S ingut (Mandarin Chinese) singut (Atayal) sungut (Seediq) sungut (Truku) senget(Saisiyat) 番仔豆  (Hokkien/Hakka) fataan ( Amis) 木豆  キマメ(Japanese) uma’i/buaw（Puyuma)  puk/bok（Paiwan) Pigeon Peas as Short-People Cajanus cajan/ Kacang  None 樹荳 S ingut  saluso（Bunun)  misinsigot (Atayal) sayucu (Tsou) susungut (Seediq) Shlilitun - (Thao) 木豆  キ(ki)マメ/ 蒲姜豆 kikik (Puyuma) Proto-Austronesian PAN 2 (4500BP) Detect Rukai and Paiwan (Black) (Latin root ni...

"The word passion comes from the Latin word passio, which means "suffering" or "being acted upon". It can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European word peh, which means "to hurt."  @London 2024 Siraya 'pun' is developed from 'peh' means 'to hurt'. Note number (Note no) used for examples refers to   THIS   blogpost.  ( https://katyhuiwenhung.blogspot.com/2025/01/becoming-indigenous-observations-over.html ) Etymology and Ethnology go nowhere if no one raise  questions I became curious about indigenous  revitalization  (language and cultural) about 10 years ago. And the more I observed, better equipped with knowledge and experience, the more proposed analysis I found odd, more claims questionable. I also noticed -  No one re-examine over the last one-hundred years since Japanese records.  No one re-analyze over the last fifty years since Ferrell and Blust's hypothesis and claimed consensus. Questionable 'Origins of the Fo...

Puyuma 卑南  Precious Beads and Corals @National Taiwan University I first learned from a Taiwan Old-Family friend about Matreli  馬智禮  (a legendary Puyuma leader) was in fact born a full-blooded Hokkien Chinese who escaped to Taiwan with his father at age of four. My friend was going to contact Matreli's grandson  馬來盛 (who was named in honour of Matreli's father 朱來盛 ) prior to our Hualien-Taitung trip asking if  he would be interested in meeting us .  馬來盛 declined. For maybe a year or so, I had thought Matreli was the first (and only) full-blooded Han Chinese who made his way to Taiwan and rose to become an indigenous tribal leader.  While exploring Saisiyat's complicated migration route and history, I noticed something odd and soon  日阿拐 ( basi-Banual)  was brought to my attention.   It looks like  akuwai (nickname, born a Hokkien 張), instead of Matreli, was the first.  Not only the dig-out of this early 20th century Han Chines...