Inō Kanori 伊能 嘉矩 Ketagalan Survey - What's New?

Inō Kanori 1897 Keelung Xiandong  仙洞 visit 
(Gemini produce) 

Rosey Peng 彭凌 direct descendant of 潘正房 (Catayo 塔塔悠 clan chief), recently did an interesting talk at Sixth Taiwan Old-Family Conference on her ancestral discovery and Ketagalan Project  she is currently in charge. 

Rosey is the second Catayo-community speaker at this annual conference. The first one is Hsu 許家銘 HERE. 

I in the meantime googled and noticed Ino interviewed 潘正房 (Poan-Chyonpan)  in 1897 and consequently published articles on his Ketagalan survey.

My immediate thought was 'I wondered what Ino wrote about Poan-Cp'. 

1. MOST STRANGE - fifteen and unmarried  in 1897, twenty-five and married in 1893

A couple of weeks later, on passing by 南天書局 one afternoon I thought I'd pop in and checked it out. I then noticed something strange -  

Poan-Cp's daughter (aka Rosey Peng's 4th generation up grandmother) in 1897 Ino's is 15/16 years old and her 'marriage' appeared unrecorded.

1897 Inō Kanori survey  潘正房 (Poan-Chyonpan) daughter (娘) looks/is about 15/16 years of age 

(娘 むすめ musume  - daughter, young girl)

Given that Ino may have 'misunderstood' about the young woman's age,  Poan did not give Ino the impression his teenaged daughter was married. 

1893 Old marriage deed (Rosey's discovery) - 潘正房 daughter (女) 25 years of age set to be married to a 29 years old 閩 man. (Not that it matters - Ketagalan translation is 'contract'; I translated 'deed' as there were two witnesses at the signing of the deed)

1868 Poan's daughter was born as shown on household record which corresponds to her being 25 in 1893. 

By age on these papers - she is the same person.

By name - she is not the same. 

贖涼 - I am thinking 涼 - is it possible from 1897 Ino's 娘 which means daughter . BUT that means 1893 year of the deed is  MADE-UP. 贖 - reasonable to think was 熟 her name on record. 

By Ino description of 1897  - she is different.

There may be explanation to these differences, I would be curious to know.

An earlier list of Ketagalan clans and chiefs provided by NCCU professor

2. Saisiyat-Ketagalan link appears closer and closer by using Ino survey for modern research (Saisiyat or Ketagalan)

Kin - 根 (known unique Saisiyat name)

1897 Catayo Poan-Chyonpan "...until about 200 years ago, ancestor 根仔老 Kinn-a-rao submission".

 根 is known a unique Saisiyat name. Such as 根阿盛 kîn-â-sṳn （Itih-a-ta:os）（kaS:ames 根 family）  A renowned Saisiyat novelist and writer.

Amutoura (Saisiyat) - what is 'Amutoura' ? 

A-mu-tou-ra 未-漢化/本島-人 HERE HERE

Names (Saisiyat-Ketagalan) Names are related, they have reasons, they have roots. 

(Saisiyat was a branch of Taokas by Inō Kanori 's 伊能 嘉矩 classification in early 1900s until overthrown in mid 1900s by Japanese anthropologists including Utsurikawa Nenozō 移川子之藏 ,Miyamoto Nobuhito 宮本延人.) 

Linguistic connection
Woman/Wife 女人/妻子 (Saisiyat, Ketagalan)  "min - an"

HERE  HERE HERE

3. Ki-Kin (Spanish Qui-) appears a Dutch/Spanish prefix for Formosa place name.  

Ki-pataw (beitou) ,Kim-paoli, Ki-pangasie (pang is 番 in my opinion. equivalent to 番仔社 huan-á-sie) 

潘 黃 環 盤 房 蜂 are all 番 (Huan) in this context.

A Atayal forum translated Kin - Qing-清 (Manchu, Chinese, Han) Which I think is interesting, as indeed, these are almost all (if not all) related to Qing/Chinese/Han settlements. 

HERE HERE

4. 'Short people living in Cave' - 

Both Inō Kanori 伊能 嘉矩 (in Taiwan 1895-1906) and George Leslie Mackay (in Taiwan 1871-1901) described short-cave-people. 

Ino's content is quoted from Qing document (exactly same descriptions), therefore not his own observations. Mackay might have witnessed (one Xmas time) and described a sulfur-smell environment.

KoKo 猴猴族（Qauqaut/Mek-qaolin) some linguists linked to Sai 社-Siyat (HERE HERE)

5. Indigenous word for Hokkien and Chinese people

'Nantamanne-Metara' 

It's the first time I saw this 7 syllables double-barrel word for漢人. I wonder if it simply meant 'Indigenous - Not'? (none indigenous is Han). 

Others are HERE HERE

6. Xiandong 仙洞 history significance once again is shown with Ino. In particular he pointed out 1878 加禮宛戰役 Kabalaen stone plaque. Details HERE.

Relatively unknown Xiandong significance

- Japanese schools set up in the cave

- 1910 King Edward VII memorial service held in a temple near the cave

Gemini inaccurate produce - just for fun!

7. Soansai /Sanasai Sanasay - Legendary indigenous ancestral homeland/origin

Soansai （山西 Kanori 1897) first as that might be the first this term appeared based on Ino's plains-indigenous survey. At least in 1897 Ketagalan survey, Soansai is mentioned on more than two occasions by clan chiefs.

Soansai 山西 (mountain west) - I personally think might refer to the 'western plains' where the Ketagalans came from - aka the original three clans 三社 consistently on many existing records.

Sanasai/Sanasay  - later on and currently points to 'Green Island' by modern Austronesian scholars which corresponds to their Austronesian migration route claims . 

8. Plains-indigenous traditions 走鏢/闘走 會飲

Note - 走 'On-Foot' in both Hokkien and Japanese language means 'Run'. Siraya HERE.

9. 凸 （pon)

林烏凸（Lim-o-pon）one of the clan chief Ino interviewed. 

凸 is pronounced 'pon' - 'pon' as in 'puff'. 

Honeycomb toffee is 'puff' candy in two countries - Scotland and Taiwan. An example. A Tainan old-time sweet - may have been introduced by Scottish nuns. Possible. 

10. 紅頭嶼 Kōtō-sho  (Now Pongso-no-Tao) - most tamed.

"Locals are most tamed" Most likely refers to Tao people are the only indigenous group in Taiwan that did not practice traditional headhunting. 

"Sheeps are raised in mountains" (my photo of Lanyu trip 2026)

11. Vasai - Basai - Bassein -Basin/Dwellings/Residence

A photo taken on a Taiwan-London flight

Probably no more than linguistic coincidence (between Basai Formosa and Bassein India), nevertheless interesting. HERE

12. Iwate Prefecture 岩手県 (Inō Kanori hometown) where I visited several UNESCO heritage sites in 2023. An area where Formosa (penglai) rice mother strains came from. Rice in this area taste very similar to Penglai rice. HERE HERE.

7 of the 200 mochi varieties we enjoyed! @一關市 Ichinoseki